What Is Periodontal Disease? Understanding Gum Health and Treatment Options

March 31, 2025

Periodontal disease, commonly referred to as gum disease, is a serious condition that affects the health of your gums and the supporting structures of your teeth. It’s more than just a dental issue—it’s a chronic infection that can lead to tooth loss and even impact your overall health if left untreated.

In this article, we’ll explore everything you need to know about periodontal disease, including its causes, symptoms, treatment options, and how Alpine Dental in Lakewood, NJ, can help you maintain optimal oral health.

What Is Periodontal Disease?

Periodontal disease is an infection and inflammation of the gums and bones that support your teeth. It usually begins as gingivitis, the mildest form of gum disease characterized by red, swollen gums that may bleed easily. If untreated, gingivitis can progress into periodontitis—a more severe condition where the gums pull away from the teeth, bone is lost, and teeth may loosen or fall out.

This condition is one of the leading threats to dental health alongside tooth decay. According to the CDC, nearly half (47.2%) of adults aged 30 years and older have some form of periodontal disease.

What Are the 4 Signs of Periodontal Disease?

Recognizing periodontal disease early is crucial for effective treatment. Here are four key signs to watch for:

Red, Swollen Gums
Healthy gums should be firm and pink. If your gums are red or swollen, it could be an early sign of gingivitis or periodontitis.
Bleeding While Brushing or Flossing
Bleeding gums are not normal and often indicate inflammation caused by plaque buildup.
Receding Gums
When gums start pulling away from the teeth, it creates pockets where bacteria can thrive.
Loose Teeth
As periodontitis progresses, it damages the bone supporting your teeth, leading to looseness or even tooth loss.

Other symptoms include persistent bad breath (halitosis), chewing pain, pus between teeth and gums, and changes in bite alignment.

What Causes Periodontal Disease?

The primary cause of periodontal disease is bacterial plaque—a sticky film that forms on teeth when oral hygiene is neglected. Over time, plaque hardens into tartar (calculus), which can only be removed by professional cleaning. Tartar buildup below the gum line triggers inflammation and infection.

Additional factors that contribute to periodontal disease include:

Smoking: One of the biggest risk factors for gum disease.
Diabetes: Poorly controlled diabetes increases susceptibility.
Medications: Certain drugs can affect gum health.
Hormonal Changes: Pregnancy or menopause may increase gum sensitivity
Genetics: Family history plays a role in susceptibility.

Periodontal Disease Treatment Options

Treating periodontal disease depends on its severity. Here are common treatments:

1. Nonsurgical Treatments

Scaling and Root Planing: A deep cleaning procedure that removes plaque and tartar from below the gum line.
Antibiotics: Medications like Arestin® or PerioChip® may be used to control infection.

2. Surgical Treatments

Pocket Reduction Surgery: Reduces gaps between gums and teeth to prevent bacterial growth.
Bone Grafting: Repairs areas damaged by gum disease using natural or synthetic bone material.
Laser Therapy: Minimally invasive treatment to remove diseased tissue without incisions.

3. Maintenance

Regular dental cleanings and improved oral hygiene practices help prevent recurrence.

How Alpine Dental Can Help

At Alpine Dental in Lakewood, NJ, we specialize in providing personalized care for periodontal disease using state-of-the-art technology. Our services include:

Deep Cleaning (Scaling and Root Planing): Effective for early-stage gum disease.
Bone Grafting & Regenerative Procedures: For patients with severe tissue damage.
Comprehensive Assessments: We use advanced diagnostic tools like digital X-rays to evaluate your oral health.

Our experienced team will create a customized treatment plan based on your specific needs to restore your smile and prevent further damage.

Preventing Periodontal Disease

Prevention is always better than cure! Follow these tips to protect your gums:

Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste.
Floss daily to remove plaque between teeth.
Visit your dentist regularly for professional cleanings.
Avoid smoking or tobacco products.
Maintain a balanced diet rich in vitamins C and D.

Conclusion

Periodontal disease is a serious condition that requires prompt attention to prevent long-term damage to your oral health. If you’re experiencing any signs of gum disease—bleeding gums or loose teeth—don’t wait until it’s too late! At Alpine Dental in Lakewood, NJ, we’re here to help you regain control of your oral health with expert care tailored just for you.

Call us today at (732) 934-1888 or schedule an appointment online through our email appointments@alpinedentalnj.com to take the first step toward a healthier smile!

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